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CT1_Noise_Luminosity_Sections_and_Conclusions

Sections

To illustrate our research results we created charts drawn on space sections of measurements points. These illustrations shows relations between the surroundings and luminosity/sound level results. We also added parameter blood pressure, based on results of CT 2 group.

Results on space sections


Conclusions

After doing simple exploratory research on 11 examples (measurements points), using methodology that we developed, we can draw first conclusions.



Based on a comparisons of luminosity and sound level values we can say that Warsaw Central Railway Station provides the lowest comfort for users according to these conditions – it is the point with high noise level and low luminosity. Combination of these vales can make people feel uncomfortable, stressed, even threaten.

The noise reached the highest value in point ‘Constitusions Square’ but the luminosity is also high there, so we could assume the place is more comfortable for users than Warsaw Central Railway Station. It is only partially true, because even though there is more amount of light than at the Central Station, the space is not very user friendly. The level of noise and the size of the space (see: sections above), makes it work as a communication node, but not a real public space.

Our measurements can be an introduction for more detailed research concerning relations between different conditions that spaces in the city provide and peoples reaction for them. To get the parameters applicable in architectural design research methodology must be improved and number of measurements should be increased.

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CT5_Velocity

aim...

The aim of the study was to measure the speed of movement of people and the dynamics of its changes in relation to the amount of traffic participants, the nature of space and the presence of attractors, and attempt to assess the friendliness of the space for the disabled and potential obstacles that may slow the movement of these people.



methodology...

Measurements were made in 11 points on a predefined path between the building of the Faculty of Architecture WUT, and the railway station Warszawa Centralna. The following figure shows the path on the ortophotomap of the city center of Warsaw.


Researches were conducted on the basis of the material collected at each measurement point at the predefined path. This material contain photographs and videos recording the presence of people and the dynamics and direction of their motion in the selected fragment of space. The principle of research material recording was to get the most probably image from the viewpoint of a person moving along the path shown above.

The research documentation contains inconsistencies concerning the naming of measurement points. This is due to the fact that the analysis of the research material was performed in several separate studios. The following table lists the corresponding names of measurement points.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
A B C D E F G H I J K

It should be noted that the results are based on a small sample of measurements - 1 measurement were taken at each measurement point. Although all measurements were made at the same time of day, they do not include fluctuations that do not depend on time of day, but only on the fact that the stream of people is not continuous. Evaluation of the average intensity of the stream of people in a given time of day would require the implementation of several measurements at intervals of several minutes.


analysis of research material...

MePo (Measurement Point) A (1) - Koszykowa st. near the edifice of Faculty of Architecture WUT:

MePo B (2) - Konstytucji sq.:

MePo C (3) - cross Wilcza st./Marszałkowska st..:

MePo D (4) - Dmowski's roundabout.:

MePo E (5) - "Rotunda".:

MePo F (6) - Chmielna st.:

MePo G (7) - Defilad sq.:



MePo H (8) - between Jerozolimskie Ave. & The Palace of Culture & Science.:

MePo I (9) - near Gold Terraces Shopping Center.:

MePo J (10) - main hall of Warszawa Centralna railway station.:

MePo K (11) - tram station at Chałubiński's st..:

results of research...


diagram showing the level of dynamics and the intensity of people flow in each MePo:
at above diagram each elipse shows 3 parameters
- long axis: the level of dynamics related to the lowest value (J),
- size: intensity,
- direction of long axis: direction of main flow of people



The chart above shows that in space where intensity of people flow (number of people) is less, hurry is hire.

The charts below show the value of slowing down of motion (losing of time) of a disabled person (wheelchair) in relation to the motion of a person without that disability in connection with the occurrence of local obstacles.



final conclusions...

Results of research confirm that the conditions of pedestrian traffic in the tested area (presence of obstacles and attractors, the number of people, diversity of flow directions) affect the change in the intensity of movement of pedestrians and reduce comfort and efficiency in independent mobility for people with disabilities.

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CT1_Noise_and_Luminosity_Research

To measure noise and luminosity we walked our path on cold day of 30th December 2010. The picture from endomondo website (below) show our route registered by GPS:

Endomondo GPS data from walk


Noise

Methodology

To measure noise we used Iphone with Decibel application. We took measurements in 11 point of route. Application we used showed 3 different values of sound in dB: average level, peak level, maximum level. Detailed description on picture below.



Results

Here are results that we obtained:

Noise level results table


Noise level results chart

Loudest point: #2: Constitusions square (average sound level: 93 dB)

Quietest point: #9: Złote Tarasy shopping center (average sound level: 61 dB)


Common noise levels for comparision:

  • 40-50 dB: quiet bedroom
  • 50-60 dB: private office
  • 55-65 dB: open office space
  • 60-70dB: conversation from 1m distance

Luminosity

Methodology

To measure luminosity we used a camera with fixed settings. It allowed us to obtain comparable frames from key points of our route. Pictures were made from the same height (eye level) with axis of the lens parallel to ground.

Camera settings:

  • Film Speed: ISO 200
  • Aperture: f/ 2.8,
  • Shutter speed: 1/250s
Camera settings

Results

As a result we got 11 pictures one from every point.

To get comparable number values of luminosity from these pictures we exported gray values of every picture (using Adobe Photoshop).


Here are the values:




The most interesting parameter that represents luminosity (brightness of the picture) is mean gray value of the picture.
Luminosity mean gray value

Darkest point: #10 Warsaw Central Railway Station

Brightest point: #2 Constitutions Square


Noise and Luminosity

Combined results of noise and luminosity

Noise and Luminosity

Noise and Luminosity Chart




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CT_FIRST RESULTS

FIRST METHODOLOGY DESCRIPTIONS and RESULTS:


CT2


CT3

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CT_MAP

We chose one path for all 5 groups
CT MAP - path

Every group have to examine it in 11 measurement points using their methodology.

Way is going from Faculty of Architecture (ASK headquarters) to the Warsaw Central Railway Station. The way crosses many places which can give an interesting effect visible in our measurements like: loud road crossing, underground paths, shop windows etc.

It is a kind of an experiment that may give answers to questions like: If its true that we are more nervous when we are close to loud road crossing? Or does it refer only to people who are don’t live in Warsaw, and are not used to noise? Are girls should be more excited going along shop windows? Are we less confident going by underground paths?




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CT_STRATEGY

After first test with "letter W" we decided to expand our research. We chose to collect not only GPS position during our walks but also information about space we are crossing through.

Number of people in our group increased, so we had to organize work for 15 people now:)

Strategy - meeting



After discussions we decided which factors we want to put on the map, these are:

  • noise
  • luminosity
  • temperature
  • velocity
  • pulse
  • blood pressure
  • galvanic skin response
  • calories burnt
  • amount of steps
Based on this list every member of our group chose what kind of data he will collect. This way 5 groups per 3 persons were created.

CT groups


The groups are:

GROUP NAME CT1 CT2 CT3 CT4 CT5
Data type noise/ luminosity galvanic skin response/
blood pressure/
pulse
calories burnt/
amount of steps
temperature velocity
Participants: Karol Dzik Maciej Burdalski Michał Miszkurka Łukasz Iwan Piotr Baszyński
Paulina Kowalczyk Anna Śliwka Semir Poturak Kiryl Karvat Jan Rubel
Krystian Kwieciński Mateusz Wójcicki Kasia Westrych Kama Kośka Leszek Włochyński

Each group of 3 people have to develop it's own methodology to collect data.


Some of data we will collect are objective and describe space around us (noise, luminosity, temperature) other refer to human body - its abilities and response to space (amount of steps, calories burnt, pulse, blood pressure, galvanic skin response). Our aim is to find relations between objective factors and our bodies subjective response. We want to tag the city by creating a new layer on the city map which will contain paths shaped by our results.

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CT_LETTER_W

After doing sketches of giant map inscriptions we tried to “write on map” in real. First try was with letter W (first letter of WAPW- Polish letter abbreviation of Faculty of Architecture Warsaw University of Technology) and the starting point of our walk was the Faculty:
WAPW sketch



The walk took place on 25th of November 2010. To record it we used phone with GPS and Endomondo application installed (see Endomondo description made by group CT3). From this application we got .xml files with all data from GPS (location, altitude, velocity, time). We used gpsvisualizer.com website to convert .xml file with our route. On this website it is possible to convert gps data into files readable by Google Maps, Google Earth, MS Excel and many other programs.

GPS visualizer


GPSvisualizer file types



With .kml file we were able to see our route in Google Earth. As it is visible on picture below, data from GPS are not very accurate. Path visible in Google Earth or Google Maps goes through the buildings or makes strange loops, none of which happened during our walk.

Google Earth pathGoogle Maps Path



With Google Earth we were able to reconstruct our walk using Trips function. Imported .gpx gave Google Earth time and route for this virtual walk. Videos (one shows route from human level, other from birds eye) with this virtual trip is below.

Google Earth Trip
Google Earth Trip from above

We registered our “W” walk also with camera. Comparing the movie with virtual trip from Google Earth also shows inaccuracy of GPS data.



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CT3_RESEARCH_TOOLS





ENDOMONDO


ENDOMONDO.COM
is a website wich allows people to record their workouts via mobile application provided by the same company. Download of application is free and is very easy to use. Actually, the web is making whole society of people who are sharing their routes, their activities records, blogs. There is possibility making the challenges for the friends by defining routes where participants are gaining points by every workout they made. There are list of possible official events set by Endomondo.com which people can attend and compare their personal records between each other.

Mobile application is a very easy for use. First step is to register on the website, get your own profile, and you are ready for your first workout. Application needs two inputs : weight of the participant, and the kind of sport which is going to be done. User can choose between rowing, sailing, golfing, hiking, walking. Other inputs, speed and distance, application gets from the gps satellite. Number of used calories is being calculated combining these data inputs (weight, activity, speed, distance). User can track the map of the route in the real time, based on the Google maps. There is an option for connecting the heart rate device to the application via Bluetooth. As an useful feature, voice command will be activated on each kilometer of the route, saying the distance, and time of the lap.

After finishing the workout, user goes to the web site to access records and details of the route.

This is the interface of the route made by three of us. It is divided in three screens, where every each of them is showing different kind of information about the same route.

Map_ This screen shows the route mounted on the google maps. As a basic feature it makes split points on each kilometere showing the time elapsed between each kilometer. It is very useful combination of route tracking on the real satellite map.



RECORDS_ On the right of the screenshot, records of the route has been showed.



It has all the necessary details for a diary of the workouts done by the user. Starting from the kind of activity, trough distance, time and average speed details. Number of calories are also included in the records. Altitude of the route is one of the useful records for terrain description, difference between height of different points on the route.

Under the record details of the route, there are useful commands which this workout can transform from read-only to the usable data. User can edit data, delete it, share it on facebook or to other web communities, edit the privacy of route. Very interesting feature is possibility to export the data in to .tcx and .gpx formats (we still don’t know in which programmes we can use such a data).


GRAPH_ At the bottom of the screen, user can find interesting graph about the route he made.


As a conclusion, this application has a lot of useful features for tracking activities and its records. It is free, and data can be exported and used in other programmes. We made our route public, and you can access it via this address :

http://www.endomondo.com/workouts/4932301


FORERUNNER

FORERUNNER is an interesting tool that may be used in different situations. It was designed specially for people spending their time in an active way. The tool consits of two main parts. One is the visible in the picture watch and the second one is the belt that during the period of activity should be tighted around a chest in order to read the pulse and the heart beating correctly. Inside the belt there is a transmitter that sends information to the watch that shows them on the screen. Before startting the route it’s important to type basic information like: the date of birth, and sex.


It’s also important to choose one of suggested types of activity that are: walking, running or biking.
The Forerunners’s watch has a GPS aerial built in it. That’s why after switching on it connects with a sattelite in order to find the right location.
During the route it saves the distance (measuring the number of meters/kilomteres done) the speed pulse and the amount of burnt calories.
After the route the watch should be connected to a computer in order to see and analyze the results.
Before doing it a special program/application should be downloaded. The application is called GARMIN TRAINING CENTER and it harmonously works with Forerunner. After installation it smoothly downloads the data from the tool and displayes them as graphs and charts.
That application is not the only that can be used for the process of reading the data.
The apllication called SPORT TRACKS may be used as well.

Here are some short movies showing the way that Forrunners works.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nsX8JknOudc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ThHb8DWVko

BASIC INFORMATION DISPLAYED BY THE WATCH




These are printscreens showing the way that saved data is displayed with the help of previously described application. On the left side there are folders that unable to see and analyze recordings from different days and months. By clicking one of them it is possible to view the route and whole information gathered.
In the middle of the screen there is a GPS map that in this case is very schematic as it requires some registration process (the tool was not ours) to download the map from the website.


In this printscreen in the main window there is a summary of the collected data. We can find there such information as: DISTANCE, TIME (of the route), AVERAGE PACE, AVERAGE SPEED, MAXIMAL SPEED and TOTAL AMOUNT of BURNT CALORIES.


Underneath there is a graph that displayes all collected data. Some of the information can be chosen like SPEED and PACE for example and shown in the relation to the DISTANCE and TIME.

THE MAP





SEE AMAZING ADVENTURES OF AMAZING THREE CITY TAGGERS!


























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CT2 - RESEARCH

INSPIRATIONS


In our work we were inspired by the book "Emotional Cartography - Technologies of the Self" edited by Christian Nold (2009) who is making resaerch about influence of surrounding on an intimate biometric data.

THE BOOK

Emotional Cartography is a collection of essays from artists, designers, psychogeographers, cultural researchers, futurologists and neuroscientists, brought together by Christian Nold, to explore the political, social and cultural implications of visualising intimate biometric data and emotional experiences using technology.

Christian Nold invented a small toll called The Bio Mapping device (photo: GPS - left, fingercuffs - top and data logger on the right) which is a portable and wearable tool recording data from two technologies: a simple biometric sensor measuring Galvanic Skin Response and a Global Positioning System (GPS). By this tool he was checing the emotional response of poeple.

Left: "Emotional Cartography - Technologies of the Self" edited by Christian Nold (2009)


THE DEVICES

Main devices that were used to acquire the data was the pulse measuring device, wchich was used to measure the pulse in exact spots that were crucial to the given path.

Based on the results we wanted to be able to create various "emotional maps" of the city.


THE MAPS

Picture are a graphical representation of visual maps we were inspired with.













THE RESEARCH


CT2 Group inspired by His research decided to check if the selected route has influence on people in terms of a personal pulse and blood pressure. We measured it in 11 stops by proffesional pressure gauge. Our aim was to check if our body is "reacting" for changing elements of the city. Here we are presenring the effects of our research:

On the right can see schematic sketch of our tour with 11 checking points. As you can see checking points were placed in places with special meaning, features, function and character. You can see also measurement tool, wchich measure pulse and blood plesure by sensor on the wrist and of course data from every point. Below there are 2 charts showing the variables.











There were 3 of participants, who were measured in 11 checking points. Aas you can see in many points ours results are quite similar - have the same tends do increase or decrease. Of course we have in mind personal different features like gender, age, body built, diete etc . All this aspects have influence on our results, esepecially: personal, genetic features of pulse/blood pressure, speed of walking.
Whats more we also use endomondo.com application to record our way by GPS system. Unfortunately we made some mistakes during the trip so it doesnt show our way perfectly.







THE RESULTS













































































CONCLUSIONS


Many external aspects have impact on our results like genetic features of pulse/blood pressure, speed of walking, gender, age, body built, diet etc. That is why our measurements should be also analyzed by additional professionals like doctors and psychiatrists.

Our research was only the introduction to wide-scale studies and experiments. Basing onour sketches, we are sure that this topic has a great potential and should be developed ina future. Specific and proved results should be foundation for a list of space shaping actions. Despite of the sketch character of our work, we can try to formulate some conclusions.

Our results are quite similar - have the same tends to increase or decrease in the same moments. Forgetting about the body differences, we can assume that for some factors we are reacting in the same way. For example we are all more stressed near to the high loud and crowded street, we are slower and more relaxed in a middle of a park, we are reacting differently from each other in a well-known and new places.

Going further we can shape the proper space reactions. For example, if some part of the city is to loud and people are more stressed because of that. We can place sound absorbers, use acoustic materials or shape local building in a way which will be stopping the sound flow. In areas where are a lot of aggressive attractors like shops, advertisements, billboards etc., we can place more green alleys and courts, to balance energy flow between users and environment.

There are a lot of more examples which can be solve by our researches. In our opinion such experimental methods can be the future of city shaping and they are worth continuing.



SAMPLE PROJECT



The data which we acquired can be simply compared to noise value in the area. As a sample design we can introduce the part of a DS1 project of one of our group participants. It assumes creating the level of urban tissue from given research data. In this case the noise map from the surrounding determines how high the buildings are.

Volumes were generated by a Grasshoper script taking the noise height map. On a 7x7 m grid (which simulates a constuction module) are distributed cubics in amount which is dictated by the amount of noise in the exact point. The noise dictates the boundaries for human shelters.
We as people run away from noise as far we can. In this situation in is the noise which allows us to buil our architecture like walls dividing us from it. This

way we amplify the spaces where the noise is lowest and create public areas in those places.
The analysis tells us what area we should use for each function.


The noise is the highest in the direct neighbourhood of the Al. Jerozolimskie. The lowest is the farther we go into the urban squares. The highest height the buildings achieve in beside the roads and get lover in the middle of the squares.

We get more volume near the communication and cosy space inside.









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First sketches

Here are the very first skeches of our tags. For now we are creating these drawings and deciding which information to put there. Next step will be trying to walk these paths:

wapw
wapw
centrum

centrum

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What is City Tagging?

The thing about Google Earth is that it's a mirror world on the real world. It puts the whole world at your fingertips," said Frank Taylor, an entrepreneur who launched the popular Google Earth Blog in 2005. "You can be someone who sits at home and goes and explores the entire planet. And I think that has a lot of appeal to a lot of people.
(http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/AheadoftheCurve/story?id=7515912&page=1)


Tools like Google Earth and Google Maps are now longer just maps. Nowadays these popular platforms became a canvas for many various types of visual information.


It can be a place of artistic performances:

Where is Wally?

Where is Waldo? Melanie Coles’ Emily Carr Institute Graduation Project (source: http://whereonearthiswaldo.wordpress.com/)


or advertisement:

KFC logoKFC logo, Mojave desert (source: http://googlesightseeing.com/maps?p=1623&c=&t=k&hl=en&ll=37.646069,-115.750709&z=18); http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fsH4gws35ro&feature=player_embedded

Maxim cover on desert

Replica of the Maxim magazine cover placed in the Las Vegas Desert near the Primm Valley Casino Resorts for the 100th issue celebration. (source: http://www.adrants.com/2006/04/giant-eva-longoria-maxim-cover-built-in-l.php)

Firefox logo

Firefox crop circle created In Oregon by University Linux Users group to celebrate the Web browser's 50 millionth download. (source: http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&om=1&z=16&ll=45.123785,-123.113962&spn=0.012112,0.024097&t=h)


There are also structures, that are designed to be recognizable from above:
Ferrari WorldFerrari World, Abu Dhabi (source: http://maps.google.com/?ie=UTF8&om=1&z=16&ll=45.123785,-123.113962&spn=0.012112,0.024097&t=h)


This information – created in reality waste the real space, to exist in virtual space.

City Tagging wants to focus on adding information not existing in reality into web maps but at the same time with possibility to create it in a real space. Our information, made by walking with GPS device, will be visible only on Google Maps or other similar platform.

We want to use walking potential to graphically tag Warsaw across natural and legal borders. Warsaw’s urban fabric will be our canvas.




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